Normally LDP neighbors are found automatically by sending UDP Hello packets on Port 646 with the destination of multicast address 224.0.0.2 out of each LDP enabled interface. In some MPLS applications a LDP session must be established between non directly connected peers to exchange labels. In such cases Hello packets can not be just broadcasted, [...]
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- LDP neighbor discovery, session establishment and maintenance
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- MPLS Label Distribution: LDP Part3
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What is LDP extended discovery?
January 10th, 2009 Wael Osama Posted in MPLS, What Is ? 5 Comments »
Draft Martini, Draft Kompella and L2VPN services
January 7th, 2009 mmahmoud Posted in Bury the hatchet, MPLS 7 Comments »
Draft Martini and Draft Kompella were the starting points toward standardizing the Layer2 VPN architectures using pseudowire emulation, both drafts addressed setting up pseudowire emulation over MPLS-based networks in order to offer Layer 2 VPN services, but each draft proposed a different approach. Members of the networking community divided themselves into two camps based on [...]
MPLS Special Labels
January 3rd, 2009 Mounir Mohamed Posted in MPLS 4 Comments »
MPLS label range from 0 to 1,048,575 (configurable on Cisco IOS) Labels 0 through 15 are reserved labels. An LSR cannot use them in the normal case for forwarding packets, the labels from 16 through 1,048,575 are used for normal packet forwarding. In Cisco IOS, the default range is 16 through 100,000. This number is [...]
Static Routes Label Binding
January 1st, 2009 Mounir Mohamed Posted in MPLS 2 Comments »
In this post we will be discussing the label binding for static routes and the forwarding of labeled packets destined to these destinations. IP routing protocols build the IP routing table, and each LSR assigns a label to every destination in its IP routing table independently (Independent LSP Control – Connected, static or learned dynamically [...]
Carrier Supporting Carrier – The whole story (2)
December 29th, 2008 mmahmoud Posted in Bury the hatchet, MPLS No Comments »
In this post we are going to discuss both CSC options that we have highlighted in the previous post in details. The two available options are either an ISP customer carrier, or a BGP/MPLS VPN customer carrier. We are going to conquer the control plane and data plane separately, in order to well understand the [...]
Carrier Supporting Carrier – The whole story (1)
December 28th, 2008 mmahmoud Posted in Bury the hatchet, MPLS No Comments »
After I’ve completely illustrated the Inter-AS MPLS VPN solution with all its options, I’ve decided to cover the Carrier Supporting Carrier with all its options as well. It was described as Carriers’ Carriers in draft-ietf-2547bis section 9 and followed in the final RFC 4364, and was named Carrier Supporting Carrier by Cisco, and Carrier of [...]
