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The internet growth is awesome, day by day people recognizes how  internet is important in their daily personal  and business life and even for their culture, so the internet has a good bit of newbie everyday which depleted some internet resources such as IPv4 address space and the BGP AS numbers (IPv4 exhaustion dilemma is [...]

BGP is a critical component of the internet, bring BGP down and you bring the internet down or at least large portions of the internet. The problem is that BGP is highly vulnerable to many types of attacks for its implementation. BGP runs over TCP on port 179 and inherits all types of TCP common [...]

When it comes to choosing your PE-CE routing protocol, Which one do you think is best? Choosing the PE-CE routing protocol for MPLS VPN  is an ongoing debate between back end network teams and those who have customer interface roles. They are always trying to satisfy the customer and we are always trying to keep [...]

BGP is an intimate friend for all service provider engineers. Without BGP there is no internet, there is no MPLS VPN and there are no many other things now and in the days to come. I believe its healthy to visit your friends from time to time and know how you live Any BGP speaker [...]

For those of you who are interested in obtaining some useful information about the BGP table (Internet routing table), check out the following websites for some useful reports, analysis and statistics. Nice resources for daily work, research and planning. Play around: BGP Routing Table Analysis Reports. Check bgp4.as also for  a ton of tools and [...]

Load-sharing is one of the clumsy areas that is full of confusing parts. In this post we should be covering its ABCs, and latter on we should be covering more parts in details. We chose the name “CEF and load sharing” as the post name due to the main role that CEF plays when talking [...]

In this post we are going slightly deep into BGP operation on the CISCO IOS. Lets start this by discussing the BGP scanner operation, then we can talk about the next-hop address tracking feature. For each route installed in the BGP table a next hop address must exist and this next hop must be reachable [...]

This question is mostly repeated by newbies when they start learning about BGP and sometimes it is left unanswered clearly. In the simple dialogue below I will try to explain when BGP is mostly used and why? Can we connect two or more networks by an IGP? The answer is yes from the technical point [...]

Been a while since my last post, I was extremely busy doing a lot of things, anyway I am glade to be back. This post I am going to cover a nice tool for enhancing IS-IS convergence, I am really amazed by the ideas that the guys out there pop up. Inventing such wonderful tools [...]

When you think about Router ID in any link state protocol  two requirements come to mind: Each router must be identified by a Router ID and an Area to exist in. This Router ID must be unique inside a single IGP domain. IS-IS refers to the this ID as a System ID (SysID) and OSPF [...]