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I will start from the beginning; two weeks ago I wrote a post claiming that IPv4 is depleting and IPv6 is coming soon; and since we are considering deploying IPv6 soon in our network, I thought it might be useful to write about IPv6 migration and transition strategies. Although, this is important but I think [...]

What is MPLS? MPLS stands for Multi-protocol Label Switching. MPLS is a packet forwarding technology that is capable of carrying any L3 protocol and here comes the word multi-protocol. MPLS is capable of tunneling L3 packets inside the MPLS network using  MPLS labels. The MPLS label is pushed into the packet between the layer two [...]

Normally LDP neighbors are found automatically by sending UDP Hello packets on Port 646 with the destination of multicast address 224.0.0.2 out of each LDP enabled interface. In some MPLS applications a LDP session must be established between non directly connected peers to exchange labels. In such cases Hello packets can not be just broadcasted, [...]

The IS-IS Routing Protocol may be used as an IGP to support IP as well as OSI. This allows a single routing protocol to be used to support pure IP environments, pure OSI environments, and dual environments. Integrated IS-IS is deployed extensively in an IP-only environment in the top-tier Internet service provider (ISP) networks. The [...]

A voice VLAN port is an access port attached to a Cisco IP Phone, configured to use one VLAN for voice traffic and another VLAN for data traffic from a device attached to the phone. This feature allows the switch to use CDP for sending configuration options regarding COS, Voice VLAN and data VLAN to [...]

BPDUs are the messages exchanged between switches to calculate the spanning tree topology. BPDU filter is a feature used to filter sending or receiving BPDUs on a switchport. It is extremely useful on those ports which are configured as portfast ports as there is no need to send or receive any BPDU messages on of [...]